Ninel Alexandrovna Dulina, a well - known Russian turkologist, a modest, bright and courageous person of a difficult fate, died on December 8, 2006.

Ninel Aleksandrovna was born on July 2, 1925 in Novaya Ladoga in a family of employees. She spent the entire war in Leningrad, where in the difficult years of 1942 and 1943, at the age of 17-18, she served in a separate police division and as a policeman was on duty on the streets of the besieged city during the bombings.

In 1945, after graduating from high school only at the age of 20, Ninel Alexandrovna entered the Department of Turkology of the Eastern Faculty of Leningrad University. However, in her fourth year, her studies were interrupted - she was arrested right at the university on May 5, 1949 and accused of "failing to report on anti-Soviet agitation" and "helping to escape." It was about the fact that she did not inform the relevant authorities about the critical views of her friend and beloved person, a talented student of her own student group, A. P. Sidorov (1926-1956), on the Soviet system. Alexey Sidorov was arrested for "anti-Soviet agitation", during the search and arrest, he tried to hide in the hope of fleeing to Moscow and getting the help of his uncle, academician N. N. Semenov. Ninel Alexandrovna helped him hide for several days with her friends and took him to the Moscow train. Alexey was arrested on the way.

In the endless list of repressed orientalists A. P. Sidorov and N. A. Dulina are almost the youngest (see: Ya. V. Vasilkov and M. Yu. Sorokina. People and destinies. St. Petersburg, 2003).

A. P. Sidorov was sentenced to ten years of forced labor camps and five years of denial of rights. After 1953, he was released early and later rehabilitated, he became mentally ill and committed suicide. N. A. Dulina was sentenced to seven years in prison camps and three years of deprivation of rights. Neither 11 months in the inner prison of the Big House, nor six years (until October 1954) of camps with hard work in the logging, cutting and rafting,

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neither her subsequent stay in exile in Ukhta, where she worked as an electrician at a factory, broke Ninel Alexandrovna. She remained kind, responsive to the troubles of others and a very principled person, sincere and open to those whom she considered close in spirit. However, the trials endured for the rest of her life were painful for her soul.

In 1958, Ninel Alexandrovna found the strength to return to the university and finish her studies, almost ten years behind her peers. From 1960 until his retirement in 1989. she worked at the Leningrad Branch of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Actually, N. A. Dulin was able to engage in scientific work only from 1969 (for the first nine years she was loaded with scientific and technical work). During the remaining 20 years of her stay at the Institute, she wrote two monographs and about 20 scientific articles. She defended her PhD thesis on "Ottoman diplomacy during the Turkish-Egyptian conflict of 1831-1841" in 1979. However, even in the 1990s, when she was retired, she fruitfully collaborated with Moscow Orientalists: she published in collective monographs and provided assistance in archival searches.

The first scientific work of Ninel Aleksandrovna was the compilation, together with V. G. Guzev and Yu. A. Li, with the participation and guidance of A. N. Kononov ,of the " Biobibliographical Dictionary of Domestic Turkologists "(Moscow, 1974). N. A. Dulina wrote about 160 articles in this extremely laborious and, in fact, unique work. Then Ninel Aleksandrovna focused on the study of the problems of the Tanzimat and the Ottoman foreign policy of the XIX century. Among such famous researchers of the history of the Ottoman Empire of the Tanzimat era in Russian science in the 1960s - 1980s as A. D. Novichev, Yu. A. Petrosyan, I. E. Petrosyan, A. D. Zheltyakov, I. L. Fadeyeva and others, Nineli Alexandrovna has a special place. Her research interests were mainly focused on foreign policy and political and legal issues related to the preparation and initial stage of the Tanzimat. It also introduced a number of Turkish political and legal documents into scientific circulation. It is also significant that Ninel Alexandrovna analyzed the foreign policy of the Ottoman Empire, considering Porto as an independent participant in international relations, sometimes successfully playing on the contradictions of European powers. N. A. Dulina's research is guaranteed a long life in science: they are characterized by careful study of sources, detailed argumentation of scientific statements, scientific honesty and integrity.

The last years of Ninel Alexandrovna's life were illuminated by spiritual search, comprehension and reinterpretation under the influence of her own life experience of the national history of recent decades. Being alone, she did not lose her life-affirming principles, looking with hope at what was happening and sharing Tyutchev's "blessed is he who visited this world in its fatal moments!". Her infrequent letters to friends were full of kindness and warmth. She complained about the lack of a close-minded interlocutor, she was worried about the fate of domestic Ottoman studies, she was worried about the future of her accumulated materials on Ottoman legislation and her "terminological catalogues"...

COLLEAGUES AND FRIENDS

MAIN SCIENTIFIC WORKS OF N. A. DULINA

Changes in Ottoman diplomacy (the thirties of the XIX century) / / Written monuments and problems of the history of culture of the peoples of the East (hereinafter-PP and PICNV). VIII scientific session of the Law Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 1972, pp. 86-89. The same // Turkological collection 1973. Moscow: Nauka, 1975. pp. 62-81.

Turkish diplomacy during the Turkish-Egyptian conflict of 1831-1841. X Annual Scientific session of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow, 1974, pp. 19-22.

Biobibliographical dictionary of domestic Turkologists. Pre-October period. (Comp. co-authored with V. G. Guzev, A. N. Kononov, and Yu. A. Li), Moscow: Nauka Publ., 1974, 342 p.

The attitude of Mustafa Reshid Pasha to the Christian population of the Ottoman Empire and the intervention of European powers in the internal affairs of the state. XI annual scientific session of the Leningrad Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Ch. I. M., 1975. pp. 18-22.

On the reform program of Mustafa Reshid Pasha. XII annual scientific session of the Leningrad Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Ch. I. M., 1976. pp. 12-17.

The Anglo-Turkish Treaty of 1838 and its impact on the economic development of the Ottoman Empire

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empires / / Peoples of Asia and Africa. 1976. N 3. pp. 69-80.

The first secular Criminal Code in the Ottoman Empire (1840). XIII Annual scientific session of the Leningrad Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow, 1977, pp. 11-14.

Mustafa Reshid Pasha's attitude to the problem of the status of the Christian population of the Ottoman Empire // Turkological collection 1976. Moscow, 1978. pp. 66-74.

Turkish documents on the history of Turkish diplomacy and Tanzimat reforms, published by Reshad Kainar / / Turkey: History and Economy, Moscow, 1978, pp. 175-184.

On the issue of periodization of Tanzimat reforms //PP and PICNV. XIV annual scientific session of the Leningrad Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Ch. I. M., 1979. pp. 89-91.

The Ottoman Empire in International Relations (30-40s of the XIX century). Moscow, 1980. 190 p.

Reformy Tanzimata i sharia'at [Reform of Tanzimat and Sharia] / / Islam in the history of the peoples of the East, Moscow, 1981, pp. 177-181.

Report (laiha) Mustafa Reshid Pasha to Sultan Mahmud II / / Written monuments of the East. Istoriko-filologicheskie issledovaniya 1974 [Historical and Philological Research], Moscow, 1981, pp. 30-46.

Materials to the biography of Mustafa Reshid Pasha (1800-1858) / / Turkological collection 1978. Moscow, 1984. pp. 46-68.

Changes in local governance during the Tanzimat period (40-50s of the XIX century) / / Gosudarstvennaya vlast ' i obshchestvenno-politicheskie struktury v araby stranakh. Istoriya i sovremennost ' [History and Modernity], Moscow, 1984, pp. 81-97.

Tanzimat and Mustafa Reshid Pasha, Moscow: Nauka Publ., 1984, 190 p.

Sadik Rifat Pasha and his reform projects in the 1930s / / Turkological collection 1979. Moscow, 1985. pp. 5-33.

Osmanskaya imperiya: sistema gosudarstvennogo upravleniya, sotsial'nye i etnoreligioznye problemy [The Ottoman Empire and Serbia in the First Half of 1843 (based on the reports of the Turkish Ambassador)]. Moscow, 1986, pp. 218-236.

Gosudarstvo i mulkovoe sobstvennost ' v Osmanskoy imperii (po materialam novykh bolgarskikh turkologov) [State and Mulk ownership in the Ottoman Empire (based on the materials of the newest Bulgarian Turkologists)]. Gosudarstvo v dokapitalisticheskikh obshchestvakh Azii, Moscow, 1987, pp. 239-250.

The East in modern times. Ekonomika, gosudarstvennyi stroi [Economy, State system], Moscow, 1991, Auth.: Osmanskiy ugolovnogo zakon 1851. (On the correlation of bourgeois and traditional elements in the field of criminal law of the Tanzimat). pp. 245-259; Kanuni jedid (New Criminal Law of 1851); Appendix. pp. 260-271.

Osnovy osmanskogo zemlevladeniya (XV c. - 1858 g.) [Fundamentals of Ottoman land ownership (XV c. - 1858 g.)]. Collection of articles, Moscow, 1998, pp. 201-240.

1949 year. Arrest at the Eastern Faculty / / Memoirs of graduates of the Eastern Faculty of the Leningrad (Saint Petersburg) State University of the Post-war years (1948-1952). SPb., 2001.pp. 142-154.

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