AUTHORS-COMPILERS: DOCTOR OF PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES A. D. VOSKRESENSKY AND Candidate OF Historical SCIENCES M. A. SAPRONOVA WITH THE PARTICIPATION OF: DOCTOR OF Historical SCIENCES L. B. ALAEV, DOCTOR OF Historical Sciences V. YA. BELOKRENITSKY, Doctor OF Historical Sciences A. G. VOLODIN, Candidate OF Historical Sciences S. B. DRUZHILOVSKY, Candidate of Historical Sciences A. L. EMELYANOV, Doctor of Historical Sciences L. M. EFIMOVA, Doctor of Historical Sciences I. D. ZVYAGELSKAYA, Candidate of Historical Sciences V. A. KORSUN, Doctor of Historical Sciences S. G. LUZYANIN, Doctor of Historical Sciences E. V. MOLODYAKOVA, Doctor of Physical Sciences B. S. STAROSTIN, Candidate of Historical Sciences N. V. STEPANOVA, Doctor of Economic Sciences G. D. TOLORAI, Candidate of Economic Sciences A.V. SHURUBOVICH E. A. YAKOVLEVA, Candidate of Historical Sciences.

From the authors-compilers. The current stage of development of Asian and African societies is characterized by significant changes in the political sphere, one of which is the growing involvement of broad segments of the population in it. Under these conditions, it is important to identify the specifics of the political behavior of various communities and individuals, the motivations of their actions, the formation of political views, etc.in the modern political system and political culture of Eastern societies. Without this, it is impossible to get an adequate idea of the nature and essence of specific political processes in the countries of Asia and Africa.

For the Eastern countries, the political vector of modernization is primarily associated with the search for adequate ways of socio - economic and political development, the preservation of cultural identity and self-identification. Specific historical development and civilizational features determine the specifics of their political systems. Understanding the specifics of the political culture of Eastern societies creates favorable conditions for establishing mutually beneficial relations with the states of the East. This is the relevance of the problems proposed for study.

The aim of the course is to instill an adequate professional understanding of modern political processes taking place in the countries of the East, taking into account their historical experience and civilizational specifics.

The aim of the course is to provide students with a comparative analysis of political systems in the countries of the East, both in theoretical and historical aspects, and for individual Afro-Asian states. The student will have the opportunity to compare the ways of formation and evolution of political systems in Asian and African countries, to understand the interaction and struggle of various political forces acting from the positions of traditionalism and modernism, to assess the degree of maturity of civil society, elements of a democratic political system in Asian and African countries, etc.

The course also aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the traditional basis and specifics of the political culture of modern Asian and African states, which is determined by the civilizational features of their socio-political development, is an interweaving of Eastern and Western elements and is manifested in all components of the political systems of the East - the structure of the highest state authorities, the activities of constitutional development, political thinking of the ruling elites and masses.

The lecture course involves a comprehensive reading of lectures by specialists in Oriental studies and is based on three independent courses developed and taught by the Department of Oriental Studies of MGIMO - University of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation: "Political systems of Eastern countries", "Political Culture of the East", "Political processes in the East".

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COURSE CONTENT Topic 1. Features of political processes in the East

The East as a socio-cultural concept. The East as a geographical, historical, cultural, socio-political, economic, and civilizational concept. Features of the structural approach to the West and East. Features of the dynamics of the historical and political process in the East.

Specifics of the civilizational approach to the West and East. The concepts of "Eastern despotism" and "Asian mode of production" and the specifics of political processes in the East.

Features of the political process in the West and in the East. Western model of the political process: the concept of efficiency, the uncertainty principle, the atomic nominalist principle, the principle of separation of powers, the system-functional principle, the theory of secular political culture, the concept of "open society". Features of the political process in the East: the principle of " wu-wei "("abstinence from voluntaristic activity"), theocratic principle, the principle of consensus of the "service state" (the principle of equalizing justice), the principle of sacred justice.

The peculiarity of the political process in traditional and" post-traditional " societies.

Topic 2. The East in modern political science

The origins and stages of studying the political systems and political cultures of the East, the place of Oriental political science in the system of social sciences, its interdisciplinary nature, theoretical and practical significance.

Correlation of Oriental political science with the general theory of political science, political philosophy, sociology of politics and cultural studies. Methodology of research conducted in both Western and Eastern countries, as well as in Russia, their main directions; authors of leading concepts.

Features of Eastern political cultures and political systems in comparison with similar phenomena in the West and Russia. Analysis of heterogeneity (heterogeneity) and different stages of formation of political cultures and political systems of the East, various forms of coexistence and interaction of their traditional and modern elements, the role of religion in their functioning.

The problem of political modernization and institutionalization; ambiguity/ambiguity and enclave nature of these processes.

Assessment from a political point of view of such processes as fundamentalism, communalism, terrorism, and their place in the political culture of Eastern countries.

Topic 3. Features of the political culture of Eastern countries

Multilayered and mosaic nature is the main feature of the political culture of modern Eastern countries.

Representations of traditional society, including archaic ones, borrowed from the early religious complexes of world and autochthonous religions as the basis of the political culture of the peoples of the East. The specifics of the "layers" of European civilization in the East during the period of colonialism and the struggle for national liberation. Selectivity and "reworkability" of European borrowings in the East.

Development on the path of independence is a new stage in the development of the political culture of the Eastern countries.

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The impact of globalization and the search for national identity on the political culture of Eastern countries at the present stage.

Topic 4. Political system and political culture of Japan

The general characteristic of Japan's political system is dynamism, with a high level of stability. Factors of political stability: a political system based on democratic principles; a political culture that promotes the consolidation of society, which has methods of conflict resolution; a national idea aimed at social progress and based on the objective history of the state.

The main components of the Japanese political system are the political structure (political organizations), political norms and principles, political relations, and political consciousness.

The Constitution of 1947 is the legal basis for the development of Japan in a democratic environment. Its main features are the preservation of the continuity of statehood in the recognition of the emperor as "a symbol of the state and the unity of the people"; Article 9, according to which"the Japanese people forever renounce war as a sovereign right of the nation."

A specific model of democracy in Japan, formed under the influence of socio-cultural features, ethical and legal system, and traditions of political culture. "Orientalization" of the institutions of representative (parliamentary) democracy. A significant peculiarity of the country's political life, despite the external similarity of Japanese political parties, institutions and procedures to their Western counterparts.

Creation of a bipolar structure of political power, the so-called 1955 system (unification of all conservative forces into the Liberal Democratic Party at one pole and all social Democratic forces into the Socialist Party of Japan at the other). Reasons for the collapse of the dominant Party (LDP) rule and the transition to the era of coalition governments (since the early 1990s).

The difference in the ideological plan of Japanese conservatism from conservative movements in the West (a set of specific principles of social structure and management, less ideologized and emphasized pragmatism), the focus is not on changing society according to a certain plan, but on regulating social development in accordance with the principles adopted in it.

Topic 5. Political systems and political culture of China and Taiwan in a comparative perspective

Features of the formation of Chinese statehood and the influence of traditional political culture on modern institutions. Conservative features of the" national character " of the Chinese: Confucian authoritarianism, the cult of family and clan, social hierarchy, orientation to the naturalness of social dependence. Compromise and harmony, maneuvering and adjustment are the core of Chinese " stereotypical behaviorism." Particular relations ("Wuanxi") and the predominance of vertical ties in Chinese departments. A special type of "stratagem" politician. A high degree of personification and the "undercover" nature of the political struggle. External indicators of political changes in the Chinese leadership. The place of paternalism and nepotism.

Political system and political culture of the PRC: evolution, deformations, current state and prospects. Higher state authorities:

NPC, Chairman of the People's Republic of China. Seat of the State Council, Central Military Council,

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CPPCC in the structure of the reformed political system of the PRC. Mechanisms and procedures for decision-making in post-reform China. Political structure of the Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions.

"Socialist morality" in the function of law in the PRC. Symbolism and sophisticated forms of political protest.

The Constitution of the Republic of China on Taiwan (1947) and the "five powers" system. The end of the state of emergency in 1987, the establishment of a multi-party parliamentary system, and the first presidential elections in 1996.The end of the Kuomintang's monopoly on power and the party system of modern Taiwan. Structure of local representative and administrative bodies. Taiwan's political "miracle" and its demonstration effect on Asia.

Topic 6. Political systems and political culture of the Korean Peninsula States

Historical roots of Korean political culture. Features of the traditional model of public administration: isolation, hierarchy, conservatism. The influence of the American model on the formation of statehood in the Republic of Korea (ROK) and the Soviet one in the DPRK.

The main components of the political system of the Republic of Korea and the evolution of their content in the process of transition from authoritarianism to democracy. History of constitutional construction in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The 1948 Constitution and its amendments. Features of the militarized management of political life and economy during the reign of Park Jung-hee (1961-1979). Political reforms of 1987. The reformation of Kim Dae-jung.

The Republic of Kazakhstan as a presidential republic. Features and national specifics of the formation and functioning of the legislative and executive authorities. Organization of public service.

Fundamentals of the political culture of the Republic of Kazakhstan - regionalism, cronyism, non-parliamentary methods of struggle. Features of political parties of the Republic of Kazakhstan. "Personification" of the political life of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Emergence and growth of non-governmental organizations and movements.

The emergence and constitutional development of the DPRK. "Juche "in relation to state - building-the theory of" leader", "self-reliance", "protection of socialism of our sample", etc. Formal and real regulation of political and public life, the life of citizens. Population indoctrination system, repressive apparatus, distribution system.

The formal and actual structure of the DPRK's state administration. The role of the party, the increasing power functions of the State Defense Committee after the constitutional changes of 1998, which consolidated the power of Kim Jong Il. Militarization of governance and political life. Opportunities and prospects for the evolution of the political system of the DPRK.

Topic 7. Political system and political culture of Mongolia

Historical foundations of the traditional political culture of Mongolia. The influence of the Soviet factor on the formation of the Mongolian political system in the 20-80 years of the XX century. Ideological, civilizational, historical, and geopolitical aspects of Soviet influence on the MNR (the theory of "pan-mongolism", "non-capitalist development", Soviet-Chinese disagreements in the 1960s and 1970s, and the role of the MNR, etc.).

The Mongolian Democratic Revolution of 1990 and the formation of a new political system. Formation of Mongolian democracy, multiparty system and ideology-

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political pluralism. Features of civil society formation in Mongolia. Socio-political moods of the old (party-nomenclature) and new (democratic) Mongolian elites. Features of the formation of Mongolian business.

Functional and political roles of the President, Prime Minister, and Speaker of Parliament (Hural). Results of the summer 2000 parliamentary elections in Mongolia. The victory of the MPRP, modern adjustments to the strategy and tactics of Mongolia's development, strengthening the role of the state in socio - economic policy, and the revival of Russian-Mongolian ties.

The main parameters of the modern political culture of Mongolia. Revival of cultural and civilizational foundations - the Mongolian nomadic civilization and the Buddhist-Lamaist factor. The impact of globalization and regionalization on the basic values of Mongolian society. Revival of sociohistorical memory, Old Mongolian writing and religion at the stage of democratization of Mongolian society. Political culture and the problem of synthesis of traditions and Western influence. The problem of erosion of the Mongolian nomadic civilization and westernization of society.

Topic 8. Political system and political culture of India

The role of colonialists in the establishment of the democratic system and the peculiarities of the traditional system of India as factors of its preservation.

Specific conditions of functioning of the democratic system in India:

economic backwardness, preservation of traditional institutions (caste, community, extended family, clans), illiteracy of the majority of the population, poverty, deep and broad religiosity, low percentage of modern classes and strata in the bowels of traditional society. Caste mentality as a factor of social stability. Discussion on civil society in India.

Three systems of political power: 1) Parliamentary Federal System: Parliament and Prime Minister, State Legislatures and State Chief Ministers; 2) Unitary Administrative System: President-State Governors - Indian Administrative Service-District Collectors-Taluk/Tahsil heads;

3) Local self-government at the level of village blocks-tahsil districts.

The role of informal groups and organizations in parliamentary and extra-parliamentary activities. Caste and confessional solidarity, factionality. The role of charismatic personalities, the importance of personal connections, nepotism, nepotism. Corruption as a legacy of the Eastern understanding of the meaning of service to the state and as a consequence of state regulation of the economy.

Official secularism and inter-confessional contradictions. The development of Hindu communalism. Separatist movements.

The party system. Parties as associations of patronages and trade unions. Parties in individual states. Creating and breaking up political coalitions.

The main stages of political development of independent India. The change of high-caste party leadership to middle-caste leaders, the emergence of parties based on lower castes. Signs of evolution from a dominant-party system to a two-party one.

Topic 9. Political system and political culture of Muslim countries in South Asia

The role of Islam in the political history and culture of India. The formation of Muslim political consciousness and the struggle for the creation of Pakistan. Features of the political system in Pakistan and Bangladesh.

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Authoritarianism as a traditional feature of the political system in Pakistan and Bangladesh. The predominant role of the highest civilian bureaucracy and the military (generals). Attempts at democratization, republican constitutions, implementation of the principle of separation of powers. Change of military, military-bureaucratic and democratic regimes in Pakistan and Bangladesh. Muslim nationalism and official ideology of Pakistan. The place of Islam in the Constitution of Pakistan. Islamization of the political system in the 1970s and 1990s. Influence of religious parties and organizations. The role of radical Islam (Islamism) and its links to terrorism, the Afghan Taliban and Kashmiri separatists. Bangladeshi nationalism and the role of Islam in the country's political system. The strengthening of Islamic ideology and the growing influence of Islamic parties in the 1990s.

Characteristic features of political culture. Religious composition of the population in Pakistan and Bangladesh. Confessional minorities. Main trends (sects) and canonical schools (madhhabs, fiqh) in South Asian Islam. Popular (grassroots) Islam, cult of saints, prevalence of Sufism, political significance of Sufi orders. Barslvie Theological School. Puritan (Salafi) Islam of the Dsobandi school. Shiism and its political role in Pakistan. Clashes between Pakistani Sunnis and Shiites. A combination of confessional and ethnic factors, features of political culture in certain regions of Pakistan and among different ethnic groups (Punjabis, Sindhis, Muhajirs, Pashtuns, Balochs). Islam among Bengalis and the confessional factor in the political culture of Bangladesh.

Topic 10. Political cultures and political systems of Southeast Asian countries

Features of socio-economic relations in the countries of Southeast Asia. Individual and group. Patronage and client relations.

Hinayana Buddhism and features of religious syncretism in Southeast Asian countries. Traditional holiday cycle as a reflection of the world picture and as a means of national integration.

Power relations in Hinayana societies in Southeast Asia. Karmic justification of an individual's social and political statuses. Hinayana concept of monarchical power. The role of the Sangha in legitimizing state power. "Monarchical nationalism". Morals and politics.

Hinayana and representative democracy. Hinayana and political pluralism. The concept of "Buddhist socialism". Hinayana and the experience of socialist transformations in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the People's Republic of Korea. "Buddhist values" in the constitutions of Southeast Asian countries. Influence of "Western" political experience on the formation of political systems in Southeast Asian countries.

Features of the formation of political systems in Southeast Asia in the 60s - 90s of the XX century. Influence of domestic and international factors on the formation of authoritarian, democratic and mixed regimes in the ASEAN countries.

Philippines-from the dictatorship of F. Marcos (1970-1980s) to the" people's revolution " of 1986 and the "new democracy" regime of C. Aquino (1986-1992). Attempts at reform during the reign of the Presidents of the Russian Federation. Ramos (1992-1998) and J. Variety shows (1998-2001). Influence of political clans and dynasties on the formation of ruling elites. Current priorities of President Gloria Arroya's internal strategy.

The influence of the multiethnic and multi-confessional structure of Indonesian society on the formation of the political system and political culture of Indonesia. Legacy of ex-President Suharto, problems of corruption in power structures

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and authoritarianism. The Islamic factor in political culture and its influence on socio-political processes. A. Vahid's presidency (1999-2001). The struggle of the Democratic Party of Indonesia for power and the victory of July 23, 2001 Megawati Su-karnoputri. Modern political realities of Indonesia.

"Army parliamentarism" of the 70-80 - ies of XX century in Thailand. The 1997 Constitution and its role in the establishment and development of the political system and democracy in Thailand. Institute of the Monarchy in Thailand.

Features of the political structure of Malaysia and Singapore. Elements of authoritarianism represented by the executive branch (Singapore's "authoritarian democracy" model). The impact of the 1997-1998 Asian financial crisis on Malaysia is the growing authoritarianism of the ruling parties and the influence of Prime Minister Mahathir. The system of hereditary monarchical (sultanate) power in Brunei.

The monoparty system of political power in Vietnam. The impact of the Chinese reform experience on Vietnam. Preservation of authoritarian features in the modern political systems of Burma (Myanmar) and Laos.

Topic 11. State and political structure of modern Arab states. Political culture of Arab countries

Diversity of state and political structures in Arab countries. Varieties of monarchical and republican forms of government. The role and place of Islam in society and the state. Sharia law as a normative system and part of the legal culture of Arab countries.

Islam and constitutional construction (the place and role of the head of state in the system of state authorities, the institution of ruling dynasties in Arab monarchies, the place and role of the council (shura), the peculiarities of the functioning of representative authorities, the peculiarities of constitutional consolidation of civil rights and freedoms).

Stages of relations between the state and Islam. Official Islam and Islamism.

Features of the organization and functioning of political parties in Arab countries, their social basis. One-party and multi-party systems. The problem of political opposition.

The leader is a key figure in the modern political system of the Arab States. Factors that determine the characteristics of political leadership and the role of a leader in Arab countries. The interweaving of deep-rooted traditions and modernity is a specific feature of the socio - political life of Arab countries. The place and role of the leader and the nature of leadership in the system of traditional Arab society.

The phenomenon of political leadership and the fundamental basis of political leadership: features of the political culture of the transitional Arab society, the special role of the state, mythological mass consciousness.

Topic 12. Features of the political system and political culture of Israel

Israel as a migrant society and the specifics of the formation of political culture in this state. The basic contradiction between the ethno-confessional nature of the state and the democratic political system. Elements of authoritarianism in Israel and the reasons for their appearance.

Problems of national formation and problems of immigrant absorption. The "melting pot" theory. Natives of the former USSR and their position in modern Israel-

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2. The place and role of national minorities in the State. The role of religion in Israel as a factor of national identity.

Functioning of the state system and main political structures. Political parties, their origin, evolution and influence on the development of political decisions. Generational change in the Israeli political establishment and the changing alignment of political forces.

Topic 23. Features of the political system and political culture of the Middle East countries

Results of the top-down reform of traditional Eastern societies in the Middle East. The " white revolution "in Iran, the policy of" guided economy " in Afghanistan, the policy of statism in Turkey. The influence of the West on these processes.

Causes of the "Islamic Renaissance" in the Middle East in the last quarter of the XX century. The Islamic Revolution in Iran, the rise to power of Afghan Islamists, the struggle of Turkish Islamists for power in the Republic of Turkey.

Conceptual justification of the need for an Islamic path of development in the program documents of pro-Islamic parties and the works of well-known Islamic leaders in the Middle East. The concept of "velayate faqih" in the works of Ayatollah R. Khomeini. The concept of" social economy " by N. Erbakan. The Islamic path of development in the program documents of Afghan Islamists.

Socio-economic and political development of the Middle East countries under Islamic rule. Specifics of political systems and political cultures of the Middle East countries.

Topic 14. Political system and political culture of the Central Asian States

The search for national identity after the collapse of the USSR and the construction of their own statehood in the countries of Central Asia. The political legacy of the Soviet period and its use by the current leaders of the region's states. Appeal to traditional values as one of the factors of legitimation of political regimes. Reasons for the sustainability of traditional societies and factors contributing to re-traditionalization in Central Asia.

Traditional and non-traditional Islam. Reasons for strengthening political Islam and the nature of its impact on society. Ethnic composition and specifics of fragmented societies in Central Asia. The influence of East and West on the development of regional states. Main political institutions and features of political regimes.

Specifics of political systems and political cultures of Central Asian states in a comparative perspective.

Topic 15. Features of political systems and political culture in Africa

The problem of adapting key concepts of political science to the realities of the African continent.

Basic concepts of African identity and attempts to implement them in practice. African socialism. Afromarxism. Modern problems of choosing the development path.

The problem of civil society in Africa. The influence of global democratic political structures on the continent. Synthesis of Western and African politics-

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experience. Relative political independence of the army. Specific features of African political parties and their differences from European and American ones.

Reasons for military-dictatorial and authoritarian regimes coming to power in the early 1960s. They differ from similar regimes in Asia and Latin America. Specifics of African democratic regimes. Politicization of the traditional elite, its merging with the modern one. The special role of the army, generals, and senior officers. The main differences between the African elite and the Western and Asian ones.

Influence of the ethnic factor on political culture. Conflicts in Africa, the main causes of their occurrence and ways to resolve them.

The main results of political, social and cultural development of African countries in the XX century.

Topic 16. Political systems of Eastern countries in a comparative perspective

Social space of political systems of Eastern countries. Maturity of objective prerequisites for political activity.

Authoritarianism and the system of political representation: theoretical models and their practical application. Pluralistic and pluralistic societies.

"Waves" of democracy, their nature and content in the East.

Power-opposition-Parties-Masses: the problem of mutual relations. The role of the State in the transitional societies of the East. Political development strategies and their effectiveness. "Democratic Transit": opportunities and limitations.

Prospects for liberalizing and democratizing political systems in modern Eastern societies.

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1.Alaev L. B. Indiskie identichnosti v usloviyakh modernizatsii [Indian identities in the context of modernization]. Moscow, MGIMO, 1999, pp. 112-150.

2. Belsky A. G. Muslim communalism in India: emergence, ideology, politics. Moscow, INION, 1987.

3. Gendin A. A. Kasta i vybory v Indii [Caste and Elections in India]. Politicheskie otnosheniya na Vostoke: obshchee i osobennoe [Political relations in the East: general and special], Moscow, 1990, pp. 111-122.

4. Zubov A. B. Indiya: problema skladyvaniya novoi politicheskoi kul'tury [India: the problem of folding a new political culture]. Collection of Reviews, Moscow, INION, 1987.

5. India: Code of Conduct for Political parties and candidates. Prev., translated from English and com. Komarova E. N. / / Vostok (Oriens). 1995. N 5. pp. 155-162.

6. Lebedev V. B. Evolution of the electoral structure of India in the 90s // Bulletin of the Moscow State University, Ser. 5. Geografiya. 2000. N 6.

7. Pleshova M. A. Demokratiya v Indii [Democracy in India]. Problems of local self-government, Moscow, 1992.

8. Chernov V. V. mechanisms of informal political influence Indian entrepreneurs // Political relations in the East: General and special. M., 1990. Pp. 123 - 137.

Back to topic 9.

1. Belokrenitsky V. Ya., Moskalenko V. N. Pakistan, Moscow, 1981.

2. Mikaelyan N. R. Socio-political movements and religious tradition in India and Pakistan, Moscow, 1989.

3. People's Republic of Bangladesh, Moscow, 1974.

4. Pakistan (handbook), Moscow, 1966.

5. Pakistan (handbook), Moscow, 1977.

6. Pakistan (handbook), Moscow, 1991.

7. Pleshov O. V. Islam i demokratiya [Islam and democracy]. Experience of Pakistan, Moscow, 1996.

8. Sherkovina R. I. Politicheskie partii i politicheskaya borba v Pakistane [Political parties and Political Struggle in Pakistan], Moscow, 1983.

9. Shcheglova A.M. Rural Society of Bangladesh, Moscow, 1988.

10. Encyclopedia of Pakistan, Moscow, 1998.

11. Jalal Ayesha. Democracy and Authoritarianism in South Asia. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1997.

12. Sobhan Rehman. Bangladesh: Problems of Governance. New Delhi, Manohar, 1993.

Back to topic 10.

Required form:

1. Agadzhanyan A. S. The Buddhist path in the XX century. Moscow, 1993.

2. Politicheskaya kul'tura stran Azii i Afrika [Political Culture of Asian and African countries], Moscow, MGIMO, 1996.

3. Rebrikova N. V., Kalashnikov N. I. Thailand: society and State, Moscow, 1974.

4. Traditional world of South-East Asia, Moscow, 1991.

5. South-East Asia. Ideology and Religion, Moscow, 2001.

6. South-East Asia: Problems of regional community, Moscow, 1977.

page 97

7. Vasiliev V. F., Levtonova Yu. O. Gosudarstvennost ' i modernizatsiya v stranakh Yugo-Vostochnoy Azii [Statehood and modernization in the countries of Southeast Asia], Moscow, 1997.

8. Yugo-Vostochnaya Aziya v 1999 g.Aktual'nye problemy razvitiya [South-East Asia in 1999: Actual problems of development].

Additional information:

1. Etiket u narodov Yugo-Vostochnoy Azii [Etiquette among the peoples of Southeast Asia], St. Petersburg, 1999.

2. Vasiliev V. F., Levtonova Yu. O. Shabalina G. S. South-East Asia: people and labor. Moscow, 1999.

3. Kobelev E. V. Modern Vietnam: reforms, renewal, modernization (1986-1997). Moscow, 1999.

4. Anosova L. A., Yaskina G. S. Vietnam. Istoriya, politika, ekonomika [History, Politics, Economy], Moscow, 2000.

5. Political change in Thailand: Democracy and Participation / Ed. By Hewison K. L.; N.Y., 1997.

6. Drugov A. Y. Political power and evolution in the political system of Indonesia. Moscow, 1989.

7. Ivanova E. V. Ocherki kul'tury taitsev Thailaya [Essays on the culture of Thai people in Thailand]. Moscow, 1996.

8. Kornev V. I. Buddhism and its role in the public life of Asian countries. Moscow, 1983.

Back to topic 11.

Required form:

1. Abu-Laban B., Abu-Laban Sh. Islam, society and the State: issues of research methodology / / Arab East: Islam and Reforms, Moscow, 2000.

2. Africa. Features of political culture (Scientific notes of the Institute of Africa of the Russian Academy of Sciences). Issue No. 12. Moscow, 1999.

3. Babkin S. E. Dvizheniya politicheskogo islama v Severnoi Afrika [Political Islam Movements in North Africa], Moscow, 2000.

4. Muslim law (structure and main institutions). Moscow, 1984.

5. Sapronova M. A. Arab East: power and Constitution. Moscow, 2001.

6. Syukiyainen L. R. Shariat i moslemsko-pravovaya kul'tura [Sharia and Muslim-legal culture], Moscow, 1997.

7. Political elite of the Middle East, Moscow, 2000.

Additional information:

1. Aleksandrov I. A. Monarchies of the Persian Gulf: Stage of modernization, Moscow, 2000.

2. Kaminsky S. A. Institute of Monarchy in the Arab East, Moscow, 1981.

3. Syukiyainen L. R. Moslemskoe pravo: voprosy teorii i praktiki [Muslim Law: Issues of theory and practice]. Moscow, 1986.

4. Shagal V. E. Arab world: ways of knowledge (intercultural communication), Moscow, 2001.

5. Updike R. J. Saddam Hussein. Rostov-on-Don Publ., 1999.

6. Arab countries of West Asia and North Africa. Issue 4. Moscow, IV RAS, 2000.

7. Kapitonov K. A. The Middle East in faces, Moscow, 1998.

Back to topic 12.

1. Vorob'ev V. P. Gosudarstvo Izrael': pravovye osnovy vozrozhdeniya i statusushchego lichnosti [The State of Israel: the legal basis for the emergence and status of a person].

2. Gasratyan S. M. Religious parties of the State of Israel, Moscow, 1996.

3. Geisel '3. Politicheskie struktury gosudarstva Izrael' [Political Structures of the State of Israel], Moscow, Institute for the Study of Israel and the Middle East, 2001.

4. The State of Israel in the 80s, Moscow, 1992.

5. Karasova T. A. Blok Maarakh v partijno-politicheskoj sisteme Izrael', Moscow, 1988.

6. Migratsionnye, protsessy i ikh vliyanie na israelskoe obshchestvo [Migration, Processes and their Impact on Israeli Society], Moscow, Institute for the Study of Israel and the Middle East-University of Jerusalem, 2000.

7. Don Peretz and Gideon Doron. The Government and Politics of Israel. Boulder: Westview Press, 1997.

Back to topic 13.

1. Afghanistan. Voina i problemy mira [War and Peace Problems], Moscow, 1998.

2. Afghanistan: Problems of War and Peace, Moscow, 1996.

3. Druzhilovsky S. B. The Turkish Republic in the 80-90th years. Moscow, 1998.

4. Druzhilovsky S. B. Socio-political history of Iran (late 70s-80s). Moscow, 1989.

5. Druzhilovsky S. B. The Islamic Republic of Iran at the turn of the 80-90-ies. Moscow, 1994.

6. Druzhilovsky S. B. Problemy evolyutsii islamskogo rezhima i osobennosti iranskoi gosudarstvennosti [Problems of the evolution of the Islamic regime and features of the Iranian statehood].

7. Druzhilovsky S. B. Problemy vozdukhaniya islamskogo obshchestva zapadnomu vliyaniyu na primere stran Srednego Vostoka (Iranii, Afgangi, Turkii) [Problems of opposition of the Islamic society to Western Influence on the example of the Middle East countries (Iran, Afghanistan, Turkey)].

8. Spolnikov V. N. Afghanistan: Islamic Counterrevolution, Moscow, 1987.

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Back to topic 14.

1. Multidimensional borders of Central Asia, ed. Olcott M., Malashenko A.M., Carnegie Moscow Center (analytical series). Issue 2. 2000.

2. Paramonov V. Formirovanie geopoliticheskoi situatsii v Tsentral'noi Azii - vneshnye faktory [Formation of the geopolitical situation in Central Asia-external factors]. Central Asia and the Caucasus, Moscow, 2000, no. 1(7), pp. 156-162.

3. Political Islam and Conflicts in Russia and Central Asia / Ed. by Lena Jonson, Murad Esenov. Stockholm, The Swedish Institute of International Affairs, 1999.

4. Civil Society in Central Asia / Ed. By Ruffin М. Holt and Waugh Daniel. Washington, Center for Civil Society International, 1999.

5. www.ca-c.org

Back to topic 15.

Required form:

1. Africa: Features of Political culture, Moscow, 1999.

2. Political parties of Modern Africa, Moscow, 1998.

3. Tropical Africa: from Authoritarianism to Political Pluralism, Moscow, 1996.

Additional information:

1. Africa in the Changing World, Moscow, 1995.

2. Africa: Clans, classes, society. Social mutations at the end of the XX century. Moscow, 1994.

3. Africa: Problems of Transition to Civil society, Moscow, 1995.

4. Gusarov V. I. Recolonization of Africa, Moscow, 1999.

5. Democratization in Africa: 1980-1990, Moscow, 1997.

6. Neklessa A. I. Perspektivy global'nogo razvitiya i mesto Afrika v novom mire [Prospects for global development and Africa's place in the new world].

7. Pelicans D. V. Conflicts in Africa and the activities of international organizations to address them. M.,1998.

8. Shirokov G. K. The world at the crossroads (divergence of vectors of social development: West-East). Moscow, 2000.

9. Shubin V. G. South Africa: the Creation of a Non-racial State, Moscow, 1998.

Back to topic 16.

1. Evolution of traditional societies: synthesis of traditional and modern. Moscow, 1984.

2. Entin L. M., Entin M. L. Politologiya razvitiya i osvobozhivshie strany [Political science of Development and liberated Countries]. Moscow, 1986.

3. Classes, parties and politics in the developing countries of the East, Moscow, 1988.

4. Parliamentarism and democracy in non-Western societies (materials of the discussion). 1992. N6; 1993. N 1.

5. Melvil A. Y. Demokraticheskie transity, transitologicheskie teorii i postkommunisticheskaya Rossiya [Democratic transits, transitological theories and post-communist Russia].

ADDITIONAL LITERATURE FOR INDEPENDENT IN-DEPTH TRAINING IN THE COURSE

The Arab World: Three Decades of Independent Development, Moscow, 1990. ASEAN in the System of International Political Relations, Moscow, 1993. Afghanistan. Voina i problemy mira [War and Peace Problems], Moscow, 1998. Afrika: mnogovariantnost razvitiya, Moscow, 1997. Islam i vlast': opyt Pakistanii [Islam and Power: the experience of Pakistan]. Belokrenitsky V. Ya. [Islamic radicalism in Pakistan: Evolution and Regional power]. 2000. N 6.

Belsky A. G., Furman D. E. Sikhs and Hindus. Religion, Politics, and Terrorism, Moscow, 1992.

Middle East Settlement: Problems and Prospects, Moscow, 1998.

The Middle East and Modernity (collection of articles). Issue 7. Moscow, 1999.

Vasiliev L. S. Istoriya Vostoka [History of the East]. T. I, 2. Moscow, 1999.

Foreign Policy and Diplomacy of the countries of the Asia-Pacific region, Moscow, 1998.

Volodin A. G. India: Local elections and Development of the polycentric type system, Moscow, 1994.

Gankovsky Yu. V. Pakistan. Sunni-Shiite confrontation / / Asia and Africa today. 1999. N 1.

Gosudarstvennost ' i modernizatsiya v stranakh SE [Statehood and Modernization in the Southeast Asian countries].

Democratization in Africa, Moscow, 1997.

page 99

Deng Xiaoping. Construction of Socialism with Chinese characteristics (articles and speeches), Moscow, 1997. (translated from Chinese).

Indochina: 90's (politics and economics). Moscow, 1999.

Iran: Evolution of Islamic Governance, Moscow, 1998.

Islam and Problems of intercivilizational interaction, Moscow, 1992.

History of China (textbook for university students) / ed. Meliksetova A.V., Moscow, 1998.

History of Japan (textbook) / ed. Zhukova A. E. M., 1998.

Istoriya,kul'tura, tsivilizatsiya [History, Culture, Civilization], Moscow, 1998.

How China is Governed, Moscow, 2001.

China on the Path of modernization and Reform 1949-1999. Moscow, 1999.

Komar V. I. Vlast', islam i obshchestvo v Algire [Power, Islam and Society in Algeria]. Moscow, 1999.

Kochakova N. B. Traditional Institutes of Management and power, Moscow, 1993.

Lunev S. I. Security Challenges of the Southern borders of Russia, Moscow, 1999.

Landa R. G. Islamic fundamentalism // Questions of history. 1993. N 1.

Mamedova I. M. Iran in the XX century. The role of the state in Economic development, Moscow, 1997.

Melyantsev V. A. Vostok i Zapad v vtorom millennii: ekonomika, istoriya i sovremennost ' [East and West in the Second Millennium: Economy, History and Modernity].

Melyantsev V. A. "East Asian" model of economic growth: the most important components. Advantages and disadvantages, Moscow, 1998.

The mechanism of political power in the countries of West Africa, Moscow, 1991.

The National Question in the liberated countries of the East, Moscow, 1986.

Nationalism and "national socialism" in Arab countries: theory and practice (collection of articles), Moscow, 1996.

Nationalism and Fundamentalism in the Middle East (collection of articles), Moscow, 1999.

Some aspects of the policy of Western Powers in Africa, Moscow, 1999.

Ostrovsky A.V. Taiwan on the eve of the XXI century, Moscow, 1999.

The political history of the States of Asia and North Africa. H 1-2. M., 1996.

Postindustrial world: center, periphery, Russia, Vol. 1-4, Moscow, 1999.

Post-Soviet Central Asia: Losses and Acquisitions, Moscow, 1998.

Portyakov V. Ya. People's Republic of China: Search for ways of socio-economic development (late 70's-first half of 90's) in 3 parts. Moscow, 1995.

Regional conflicts in Asia and North Africa, Moscow, 1997.

Republic of Korea: Modernization Experience, Moscow, 1996.

Social Image of the East, Moscow, 1999.

Comparative Study of world Civilizations, Moscow, 2000.

Titarenko M. L. China: Civilizatsiya i reformy [Civilization and Reforms], Moscow, 1999.

Tropical Africa: from authoritarianism to political pluralism? Moscow, 1996.

Wolpert, Stanley. Jinnah-the Creator of Pakistan, Moscow, 1997.

Falikov B. Z. Neoinduizm i zapadnaya kul'tura [Neo-Hinduism and Western Culture], Moscow, 1994.

The phenomenon of Eastern despotism. Struktura upravleniya i vlasti [Structure of Management and Power], Moscow, 1993.

Fedorov V. A. Army and modernization in the countries of the East, Moscow, 1999.

Shirokov G. K. Sotsial'no-ekonomicheskaya evolyutsiya: Zapad - Vostok [Socio-economic evolution: West-East]. Moscow, 1999.

South-East Asia in 1999, Moscow, 2000.

South Asia: Conflicts and Geopolitics, Moscow, 1999.

Japan: Search for Renewal, Moscow, 1995.

Japan of the 90s: crisis of the system or temporary failures, Moscow, 1998.

Japanese phenomenon /ed. Sarkisov K. O. M., 1996.

QUESTIONS FOR SELF-PREPARATION FOR THE TEST

1. The East as a socio-cultural, geographical, historical and cultural, socio-political, economic, civilizational concept.

2. Features of the structural approach to the West and East.

3. Features of political cultures and political systems of Eastern countries in comparison with the West.

4. Features of the processes of political modernization in the East.

5. Characteristic features of traditional political culture.

6. The impact of globalization processes on the political culture of Eastern countries.

page 100

7. Features of democracy in Japan.

8. Evolution of political power structures in Japan: from bipolar structures (1955-early 1990s) to coalition governments (first half of the 1990s).

9. The influence of the Soviet model on the modern political system of China.

10. The CCP is the core of the "democratic dictatorship of the people" system.

11. Socio-political implications of the" reform and opening-up policy " in China.

12. Stages of democratization of Taiwanese society.

13. The main features of the traditional political culture of China.

14. Political system and political culture of the Republic of Korea.

15. Political system and political culture of the DPRK.

16. The political system of the MNR before the beginning of democratic transformations.

17. Constitutional development of Mongolia in the period of democratic reforms.

18. Political culture of modern Mongolia.

19. Systems of political power in India.

20. Reasons for maintaining a democratic political system in India.

21. Main stages of political development of independent India.

22. Specifics of Muslim political consciousness in South Asia.

23. The political system of Pakistan and Bangladesh.

24. Political culture of Pakistan and Bangladesh.

25. Specifics of the religious situation and its reflection in the socio-political life of South-East Asian countries.

26. Representative democracy, political pluralism and the Hinayana faith in South-East Asia.

27. The influence of Islam on the functioning of State institutions in Arab countries.

28. The problem of political opposition in Arab countries.

29. Sharia law as an essential part of the legal culture and political life of Arab countries.

30. Historical roots of leadership in the political culture of traditional Arab society.

31. Features of the formation of political culture in Israel.

32. The main contradiction of the Israeli political system: the ethno-confessional nature of the state and the Western model of democracy.

33. Reasons for the failure of revolutions "from above" in the Middle East.

34. Reasons for the Islamic revival in the Middle East.

35. Specifics of political systems in the Middle East.

36. Traditionalism in the societies of the Central Asian states and the reasons for the development of the process of re-traditionalization.

37. The search for national identity and the reasons for the growing influence of political Islam in Central Asian states.

38. The specifics of civil society formation in Africa.

39. Specific features of African democratic regimes.

40. The ethnic factor in the political culture of Africa.

41. Social space of political systems of Eastern countries.

42. Authoritarianism and the system of political representation in the countries of the East.

43. "Waves" of democracy, their nature and content in the East.

44. Opportunities and limitations of "democratic transit" in the East.

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