The first international scientific and practical conference "Russia-Mongolia: Historical and Cultural Interaction in the Past and Present (dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the events on the Khalkhin-Gol River)" was held in St. Petersburg on October 19-21, 2009. The conference was organized by the St. Petersburg Society of Friends of Mongolia (Spb.ODM), the A. S. Popov Central Museum of Communications, the International Foundation for the Promotion of Social Initiatives( IPPSI), Peterlux. Official partners from the Russian side were the Society of Friends of Mongolia (Moscow), the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IVR RAS), St. Petersburg.State University, Russian Cosmonautics Federation; on the Mongolian side - the Mongolian Academy of Sciences (MAN), the Union of Mongolian Friendship Societies (SMOD).

Main topics of the conference: "Events on the Khalkhin-Gol river. A look from the future"; "Russia and Mongolia in the research of Russian, Mongolian and Western historians, political scientists, philologists-

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sophs, philologists"; "Russia and Mongolia: eight centuries of joint history"; "Russia and Mongolia: Interaction of cultures"; "Contribution of Russian science and culture to the development of Mongolia".

A group of distinguished guests was invited to the conference: V. V. Gorbatko, pilot-cosmonaut of the USSR, twice Hero of the Soviet Union, Hero of Mongolia, Hero of Vietnam, President of the Society of Friends of Mongolia; V. A. Dzhanibekov, President of the International Foundation "Children of the XXI Century", pilot-cosmonaut of the USSR, twice Hero of the Soviet Union, Hero of Mongolia; Chuluns Dashdava, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Director of the Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Dashdavyn Batzhargal, Researcher at the Archives Department of Mongolia, as well as heads, officers and cadets of military academies and schools in St. Petersburg.

The solemn meeting was opened by S. B. Evstafyev, Chairman of the Management Board of SPb. ODM. He noted that the company only last year resumed its work after a long-term break after the perestroika period. This event is already the second action of the society, the purpose of which is to become a sign of friendship between the peoples of the two countries.

Welcoming the audience, Chuluni Dashdavaa noted that the Red Army and the Mongolian armed Forces took part in the fighting on the Khalkhin Gol River, on the one hand, and the Kwantung Japanese Army on the other. Although diplomatic relations between the USSR and Japan were not severed, it was a real war with numerous losses. For the USSR, it was a help to the fraternal Mongolian people, and for Mongolia, it was a struggle for its territorial integrity and independence. 70 years have passed since then. History has put a lot of things in their place. Mongols and Russians honor the memory of the heroes who died on the battlefields in this undeclared war.

Director of the Central Communications Museum L. N. Bakayutova spoke about the history of the museum and its collections. She noted that the museum is named after A. S. Popov , a Russian physicist and electrical engineer, one of the pioneers of the use of electromagnetic waves for practical purposes. The museum is located in the palace of His Serene Highness Prince A. A. Bezborodko, built in the last quarter of the 18th century by the architect J. Quarenghi. Currently, about 8 million rubles are stored here. exhibits, including documentaries and clothing collections on the history of postal, telegraph, telephone and space communications, radio broadcasting and television. The museum contains materials telling about the latest achievements in information and communication technologies and services, as well as a rich collection of postage signs.

N. P. Milochenko, First Deputy Chairman of the Management Board of St. Petersburg, addressed the conference with a welcoming speech.ODM, President of the International Foundation for the Promotion of Social Initiatives, representative of the IAS in St. Petersburg. He emphasized the relevance of historical heritage and the high mission of those who study the past in order to convey the historical truth to posterity. Attempts to distort the facts of history can only be neutralized by open discussions of specialists, discussions and the expression of different points of view.

Other speakers included V. A. Babushkin, Vice-President of the Society of Friends of Mongolia, Executive Secretary of the Russian Society of Friends of Mongolia; O. P. Mukhin, Vice-President of the Russian Cosmonautics Federation.

At the opening ceremony, video greetings of the Academy were heard. MAN Bataryn Chadra, Vice-President of the Mongolia-Russia Friendship Society, Director of the Institute of Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Zhugderde-midiin Gurragchi, President of the Union of Mongolian Friendship Societies, pilot-cosmonaut of the Mongolian People's Republic, Hero of Mongolia, Hero of the Soviet Union.

V. V. Gorbatko and V. A. Dzhanibekov addressed the gathered scientists and young people with warm words. V. V. Gorbatko, in particular, noted that the victory of the USSR at Khalkhin Gol played a decisive role in Japan's non-aggression against the USSR. It is a remarkable fact that when German troops were stationed near Moscow in December 1941, Hitler fiercely demanded that Japan attack the USSR in the Far East. For their courage and bravery in the fight against the Japanese invaders, 76 Soviet pilots received the highest degree of distinction for services to the state, they were awarded the honorary title Hero of the Soviet Union.

The opening ceremony was conducted by A. A. Shubin, Member of the Management Board of St. Petersburg.ODM, Assistant to the President of the International Foundation for the Promotion of Social Initiatives, and I. V. Kulganek, First Deputy Chairman of the Management Board of St. Petersburg.PhD in Philology, Senior Researcher, Department of Turkology and Mongolistics, Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, Russian Academy of Sciences.

In their address to the audience, they stressed that according to Soviet official sources, by the time of the final combat operation, the 57-thousandth Soviet army was opposed by the 75-thousandth well-equipped Japanese army. Hundreds were involved on each side

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planes, tanks, and guns. Among the heroes of the Soviet Union, 20 people laid down their lives on Khalkhin Gol, and 690 fighters were awarded medals and orders by the Mongolian government. The heroes of Mongolia were L. Dandar, D. Nyantaisuren, C. Olzvoy, L. Galegbatar, D. Hainkhirva, C. Dugarzhav, P. Chogson, D. Gulin, D. Samdan, M. Ekei, N. Zhamba, S. Tomorbatar, J. Lhagvasuren, as well as Russian commanders G. K. Zhukov, I. I. Fedyuninsky, V. A. Sudets.

At the opening of the conference, the documentary film "Khalkhin-Gol. 1939. Unknown War " directed by V. Gasanov (2004), which uses a large number of chronicles, comments of veterans-participants of memorable events and historians, as well as materials from the Russian State Archive of Film and Photo Documents. This film continues the gallery of Russian, Mongolian and Soviet-Mongolian films about Khalkhin Gol.

On October 20, a working session was held, which was attended by employees of academic institutions, teachers and students of higher educational institutions of St. Petersburg.

The morning session was devoted to historical issues. Zav. I. F. Kefeli, Head of the Department of Cultural Studies of the Baltic State Technical University named after D. F. Ustinov, described the current geopolitical situation in Eastern Eurasia in his report. He noted a positive trend-the growing importance of regional aspects in solving global problems, which primarily relate to the implementation of joint measures to overcome the global economic crisis, ensuring security for all States without exception, and implementing large-scale projects to strengthen the region's potential as a communication bridge between continents.

Chuluni Dashdavaa in his report "A study of the history of the Khalkhin-Gol battles" emphasized that, despite the existence of different concepts for assessing the events in Khalkhin-Gol, the main problems of the war (the causes of its occurrence, course, results and lessons) have now been formed with sufficient clarity, and there are noticeable shifts in the development of a unified position by Russian scientists, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, and China.

S. G. Klyashtorny, Head of the Department In his report "On Soviet-Mongolian cooperation in the field of studying the ancient history of Mongolia", he paid special attention to the scientific achievements of specialists from both countries in the field of studying ancient runic monuments on the territory of Mongolia.

Dashdavagiin Batzhargal in his report "Russian-Mongolian cultural relations" considered a number of issues related to the prospects of development between the two countries in the field of literature and art, the exchange of modern cultural achievements, as well as issues of historical and political relations between Russia and Mongolia in the XIII-XIV centuries. In his opinion, favorable conditions and legal bases for further development of cooperation have now been created, which is facilitated by the Ulaanbaatar Declaration, adopted in 2000, which emphasizes the need to maintain cooperation in the study of the Mongolian and Russian languages, research of the historical and cultural heritage of Russia and Mongolia.

V. L. Uspensky (East Fac-t of St. Petersburg.GU) in his report "The emergence of an independent Mongolian state and relations with Russia" drew attention to the fact that Russia's presence in the Far East since the 17th century was a factor that made the Mongolian state appear on the current political map of the world. Immediately after the proclamation of Mongolia's independence in 1911 under the rule of Bogdo-gegen, it turned to Russia for help, and the tsarist government supported Mongolia. In 1921, the Soviet Government signed a treaty establishing friendly relations with Mongolia. The battle of Khalkhin Gol demonstrated the Soviet Government's willingness to provide military support to Mongolia against an external threat.

A. V. Popov (East Fac-t of St. Petersburg.GU) made a report "Qing legislation of the XVIII-first half of the XIX century on the administrative regime of the Russian-Mongolian border", the topic of which refers to the "white spots" in the history of Russian-Mongolian relations during the influence of state institutions of the Qing Empire, which Outer Mongolia was part of from the end of the XVII century to 1911. in the modern historiography of reports from Mongolian and Chinese sources about the peculiarities of the administrative regime of the Russian-Mongolian border remains very relevant to this day. The speaker drew attention to the importance and necessity of analyzing the flows of cross-border population migration that was not controlled by the authorities, which will allow us to assess the degree of influence of interstate administrative authorities.-

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the development of economic, cultural and political ties between the two countries and the peoples inhabiting them.

Independent historian A. G. Yurchenko in his report "Sacred arithmetic and the size of the Genghisid army" touched upon the topic of searching for a certain medieval reality, which he considers a heavy legacy of positivism in modern historical research. The author expressed confidence that medieval authors of chronicles were not interested in the number of Mongol armies in the everyday context in which modern historians consider this issue. For Christian writers, there was only one context - eschatology. The question of the enemy's numbers was linked to the theme of divine punishment for sins, and there was no place for everyday aspects of war. The actual number of Mongol armies was a military secret of the Genghisids and was not subject to disclosure under penalty of death. Reports of medieval chronicles about 100 thousand or 500 thousand armies are "a projection of heavenly battles on earthly battles."

St. Petersburg Mongol scholars and philologists spoke at the afternoon session.

P. O. Rykin (Institute of Linguistic Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences) presented his report "Contribution of Russian scientists to the study of the Mongolian text of the Tyr Stele of 1413", which is devoted to the historiography of the world's only epigraphic monument that combines texts in Chinese, Jurchen, and Mongolian languages and is an important evidence of the historical contacts of Minsk China with the peoples of Primorye at the beginning of the XV century.

In her report "Russia-Mongolia: from the History of Postal issues (based on the materials of the State Collection of Postal Payment Signs of the Central Communications Museum named after A. S. Popov)", L. N. Bakayutova showed a video series of stamps issued in Russia and Mongolia, dedicated to the cultural interaction of both countries.

In the joint report of the head of the Roerich Center of St. Petersburg.A. A. Bondarenko and V. L. Melnikov State Institution (both the Roerich Family Museum-Institute) "Close friends of Academician N. K. Roerich and participants of his Central Asian expeditions related to Mongolia and the Mongols" contained new information about the Roerichs ' collaborators and relatives, whose works are dedicated to Mongolia: N. V. Grammatikova, G. D. Grebenshchikova, V. A. Roerich and others. N. Ivanov, N. V. Kordashevich, M. M. Likhtman, S. S. Mitusov, P. K. Portnyagin, K. N. Ryabinin, Z. G. Fosdick. The report also reported on the successful establishment of the Nicholas Roerich Museum in Ulaanbaatar.

M. P. Petrova (East Fac-t of St. Petersburg.In her report "Khalkhin-Gol in modern Mongolian poetry", the author analyzed the works of Mongolian authors dedicated to this event. Speaking in the debate on the report, S. V. Kurmanalieva showed the scientific community a video series of satirical drawings from Mongolian magazines from the time of the events of seventy years ago, which were supposed to help raise the morale of the Mongolian warrior.

I. V. Kulganek in her report "Memory of Khalkhin-Gol in Mongolia and Buryatia: the fate of Luvsandorjiin Galegbator", based on the field materials of the Russian-Mongolian folklore expedition to Buryatia in the summer of 2009, spoke about how carefully materials about the participants of the Khalkhingol battles are preserved in regional and village museums of Buryatia. She focused in more detail on the exposition of the museum of the village of Khoitogol, Tunka district, related to the feat of a Buryat by origin who lived in Mongolia - L. Galegbator. The speaker also touched upon the ambiguous attitude of Russian, Mongolian and Buryat soldiers to these events, which is explained by the use of Barguts by the Japanese as a military force on their side*. Thus, for the Buryats, this war was to a certain extent civil, since in the ranks of the numerous enemy there were their tribesmen, with whom they were connected by blood ties, and memories of joint farming and friendly relations were alive.

Within the framework of the conference, its participants were offered an extensive cultural program - visits to museums and places of interest, interesting meetings and a reception, where a number of organizers and participants of the conference were awarded public badges of distinction. These are the orders "For Selfless Service" and "Civil Valor".; "For outstanding contribution to the national culture"," From understanding to unity", jubilee medals "70 years of victory at Khalkhin Gol".

* Barguts - a Mongolian-speaking people of the northern branch, which belonged to the Buryat tribes, migrated to the East in not so distant times and became part of the Chinese state.

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This conference is not the only event dedicated to the events on the Khalkhingol River. On July 5-7, a conference on this topic was held in Mongolia, organized by the Institute of History of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences. In August, a seminar was held in Irkutsk on the basis of the State Irkutsk University. In the summer of Ulan-Ude, the Republican Museum of Local Lore opened an exhibition about the military operations of the Soviet-Mongolian troops on the Khalkhin-Gol River, where relics of the "unknown war" were presented, including uniforms, weapons, awards and other materials from the collections of the Kyakhta Museum of Local Lore, the Museum of the History of Buryatia, the Museum of Military Glory in Kyakhta, the Museum of Military Glory in history of the Siberian Military District.

Thus, the St. Petersburg conference and its related events were an important link in the chain of thematic events in Russia and Mongolia dedicated to the events on Khalkhingol, which indicate not only scientific interest in this topic, but also the development of cultural relations between the two countries.

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